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1.
Rev. med. Chile ; 150(9): 1145-1151, sept. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431890

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 affects all age groups, but higher mortality rates are recorded in older people, men and with comorbidities, mainly hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Aim: To describe the main clinical characteristics, evolution and prognostic factors for death in older patients hospitalized for COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 128 patients aged 73 years, 66% men, hospitalized at a clinical hospital, with a diagnosis of COVID-19, admitted from May 1 to August 1, 2020. Data were collected from the clinical records, a description of the study population was made, and a univariate analysis and logistic regression were performed. Results: Seventy-two percent of patients had two or more comorbidities, mainly arterial hypertension in 66%, diabetes mellitus in 34% and cardiovascular disease in 19%. Forty-one percent were admitted to intensive care and 31% were connected to mechanical ventilation. In-hospital mortality was 26.6%. A multivariate analysis was performed in two blocks, finding in the first that arterial hypertension and older age significantly predict mortality. However, when previous institutionalization and immuno-suppression were included as variables in the second block, age ceased to be a significant predictor. CONCLUSIONS: Prognostic factors associated with death in this age group are arterial hypertension and previous institutionalization.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , COVID-19/epidemiology , Prognosis , Comorbidity , Retrospective Studies , Hospital Mortality , SARS-CoV-2 , Hospitalization , Hypertension/epidemiology
2.
Rev. chil. fonoaudiol. (En línea) ; 19: 1-8, nov. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1148407

ABSTRACT

En Chile, entre un 20% y un 38% de los usuarios que sufren un ataque cerebro-vascular (ACV) presentan afasia. Pese a su alta prevalencia no existen herramientas validadas que permitan realizar una caracterización lingüística temprana de la afasia. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la sensibilidad y especificidad de la versión en español del ScreeLing en una muestra de usuarios afásicos después de producido un ACV. Se trata de un estudio transversal analítico en el cual se aplicó el test ScreeLing a 13 usuarios afásicos tras primer evento de ACV en etapa aguda (< 6 semanas tras ACV) y a 56 adultos neurológicamente sanos. Adicionalmente, se evaluó el nivel comprensivo y el lenguaje espontáneo de usuarios con afasia, con la versión abreviada del Token Test y Escala de Severidad de la Afasia (ASRS). Se construyeron modelos mediante regresiones logísticas, obteniendo sus respectivas áreas bajo la curva ROC. Los resultados muestran que el equilibrio entre sensibilidad y especificidad para el puntaje global del test ScreeLing se estableció en 67 puntos, obteniendo una sensibilidad del 94,6% y especificidad del 100%. El área bajo la curva ROC alcanzó 0,99 (IC 95%: 0,97-1,00). En las subpruebas sintáctica y fonológica se alcanzó un puntaje de corte de 21 puntos, mientras que en la subprueba semántica se lograron 22 puntos. Se concluye que el ScreeLing en español posee una alta sensibilidad y especificidad para la detección de déficits lingüísticos post ACV similar a los resultados encontrados en la versión original del test en holandés. Esfuerzos futuros deben concentrarse en ampliar la muestra de usuarios afásicos con distintos perfiles de severidad.


In Chile, aphasia is present in 20% to 30% of stroke patients. Currently, speech and language therapists do not have a standardized test to characterize aphasic patients' linguistics disorders at the acute phase. The aim of this study iso analyze the sensibility and specificity of the Spanish version of the ScreeLing test in aphasic patient post-stroke at the acute stage. To do so, in a transversal study design, acute aphasic patients (< 6 weeks post-stroke) and healthy adults were evaluated with the Spanish version of the ScreeLing test. Additionally, language comprehension and spontaneous speech were assessed with the shortened version of the Token Test and the Aphasia Severity Rating Scale, respectively. We calculated the Area Under ROC Curve (AUC) to choose the cut-off that provided the best balance between sensibility and specificity. We included 13 aphasic patients and 56 healthy adults. The best balance between sensibility and specificity was found to be with 67 points, with a sensibility of 94,6% andspecificity of 100%. The AUC ROC was 0,99 (IC 95%: 0,97-1,00). For the subtest measuring syntax and phonology, the cut-off score was 21 points, and for the semantic subtest, 22 points. In conclusion, the Spanish version of the ScreeLing test, similar to its original Dutch version, demonstrated high specificity and sensibility to detect linguistic deficits in acute aphasic patients post-stroke. Future efforts aim to increase the sample size of patients considering differentlanguage severity profiles.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Aphasia/diagnosis , Language Tests , Aphasia/etiology , Semantics , Severity of Illness Index , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and Specificity , Stroke/complications , Comprehension
3.
ARS med. (Santiago, En línea) ; 44(1): 21-29, 2019. Tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1026423

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el perfil de egreso de la carrera de Fonoaudiología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC) compromete que los estudiantes desarrollen habilidades transversales esenciales para entregar un servicio de excelencia. Para este desarrollo, uno de los elementos claves es que los cursos utilicen metodologías activas con desafíos progresivos y monitoreados. Una de estas metodologías es Aprendizaje Servicio (A+S). El objetivo de este estudio es describir el diseño, implementación y evaluación de la metodología A+S en el plan de estudios de la carrera de Fonoaudiología. Método: en base al modelo UC de institucionalización de A+S y un proyecto de docencia institucional adjudicado, se definen habilidades transversales a desarrollar en los cursos. Se inicia el proceso de incorporación de la metodología a través de un piloto y se aplican encuestas institucionales para evaluar los resultados de la implementación. Resultados: se seleccionan cinco cursos para trabajar las habilidades transversales de compromiso social, trabajo en equipo, habilidades comunicativas, pensamiento crítico y resolución de problemas en 3 niveles de desempeño según la progresión curricular del estudiante. Los alumnos manifiestan una alta contribución de la metodología al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, superando el 85 por ciento de aprobación en todos los cursos. El 100 por ciento de los profesores considera importante su incorporación en la malla curricular. Discusión: se logra adaptar e implementar un modelo de incorporación de la metodología A+S en la carrera de Fonoaudiología, lo que permite que los estudiantes tengan oportunidades de desarrollo de las habilidades transversales declaradas en el perfil de egreso, de manera organizada, monitoreada, y progresiva a lo largo del plan de estudios.(AU)


Background: the graduate profile of the Speech and Language Pathology program at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC)describes that students will develop essential transversal skills that will allow them to deliver excellent care as health professionals. Thisrequires the use of active learning methodologies in its courses, one of which is Service Learning (S+L). This study aims to describe the design, implementation and evaluation of S+L in the curriculum of Speech and Language Pathology program. Method: based on the UC model of implementation of S+L and an institutional teaching project grant, the transversal skills to be developed in each of the courses were defined. The process of incorporating the methodology began with a pilot. Institutional surveys were applied to evaluate the results of the implementation. Results: five courses were selected to work on the transversal skills of social commitment, teamwork,communication skills, critical thinking and problem-solving in 3 levels of performance according to the student's curricular progression. The students saw a high contribution of the methodology to the research process, surpassing the 85 percent approval in all the courses. 100 percent of teachers consider important to incorporate S + L into the curriculum. Discussion: it was possible to adapt and implement a model of incorporation of the S + L methodology in the Speech and Language Pathology career, which allows students to develop the transversal skills declared in the graduation profile, in an organized, monitored, and progressive way throughout the curriculum.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Education , Methods , Educational Measurement , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences , Inservice Training , Job Description , Learning
4.
Rev. chil. cir ; 68(3): 233-236, jun. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-787079

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Presentamos nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento quirúrgico de esta patología con la técnica de la rectosigmoidectomía perineal. Material y método: Se trata de una serie retrospectiva, consecutiva de 17 pacientes. Resultados: Predomina el género femenino y el promedio de edad es de 62 años. La morbilidad alcanza el 23%, aunque casi toda de menor gravedad, con solo un paciente reoperado. La recidiva es del 6%, con mejoría de los síntomas en un 88%. Conclusión: Concluimos que es una técnica segura, con una morbilidad controlada y con buenos resultados a mediano plazo con un adecuado control de la recidiva y mejoría de la continencia en un alto porcentaje de los pacientes.


Aim: We present our experience with perineal rectosigmoidectomy for the treatment of rectal prolapse. Material and method: It is a retrospective, consecutive series of 17 patients. Results: Predominantly female and the average age is 62 years. Morbidity reached 23%, but almost all less serious, with only one reoperation. Recurrence is 6%, and the improvement in continence is 88%. Conclusion: We conclude that it is a safe technique with a controlled morbidity and good results with low recurrence and improvement of continence in a high percentage of patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/methods , Rectal Prolapse/surgery , Perineum/surgery , Rectum/surgery , Colon, Sigmoid/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome , Operative Time , Length of Stay
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